List of earthquakes in Japan

"Japan earthquake" redirects here. For the 11 March 2011 earthquake in the Tōhoku region, see 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
This is a list of earthquakes in Japan with a magnitude of 7.0 or above or which caused significant damage or casualties. As indicated below, magnitude is measured on the Richter magnitude scale (ML) or the moment magnitude scale (Mw), or the surface wave magnitude scale (Ms) for very old earthquakes. The present list is not exhaustive and reliable and precise magnitude data is scarce for earthquakes that occurred prior to the development of modern measuring instruments.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Date Magnitude Name of quake Japanese name Rōmaji name Epicenter Death toll Description
November 29, 684 8.0–8.4 (unknown scale) Hakuko Nankai earthquake 白鳳南海地震 Hakuko Nankai jishin 32.8°N 134.3°E 101–1000 References variously estimated the quake as having a magnitude of 8.0 to 8.4, with damage being "severe". The dates of the quake have also been listed variously as October 14 (uncorrected date) and November 24.[1]
June 5, 745 7.9 Ms occurred at Minoh 34.8°N 135.5°E Some references describe the quake as occurring on June 9[2]
July 13, 869 8.3 M 869 Sanriku earthquake and tsunami 貞観三陸地震 Jōgan sanriku jishin 38.5°N 143.8°E 1,000 (estimated)[3] The resulting tsunami caused extensive flooding of the Sendai plain, destroying the town of Tagajō. [4]
May 27, 1293 7.1–7.5 1293 Kamakura earthquake 35.2°N 139.4°E 23,024[5] The earthquake struck close to the city of Kamakura, Kanagawa and its magnitude has been estimated in the 7.1–7.5 range[6]. It possibly triggered a tsunami (though not all experts agree)[7][8] and the death toll has been reported as 23,024.[5]
August 3, 1361 8.25~8.5 M Shōhei earthquake 正平南海地震 Shōhei Nankai Jishin 33.0°N 135.0°E tsunami[9][10]
January 18, 1586 7.8 (unknown scale) Tensho or Ise Bay earthquake Tenshiyo jishin unknown Some islands in Ise Bay reportedly disappeared[11][12]
December 31, 1703 8 ML 1703 Genroku earthquake 元禄大地震 Genroku Daijishin Edo 108,800+ This earthquake shook Edo and killed an estimated 2,300 people. The earthquake is thought to have been an interplate earthquake whose focal region extended from Sagami Bay to the tip of the Bōsō Peninsula as well as the area along the Sagami Trough in the open sea southeast of the Boso Peninsula. This earthquake then resulted in a tsunami which hit the coastal areas of the Boso Peninsula and Sagami Bay. The tsunami was reported to have caused more than 100,000 fatalities.
October 28, 1707 8.6 ML 1707 Hōei earthquake 宝永地震 hōei jishin Off the Kii Peninsula 5,000+ Struck both the Nankaidō and Tokai regions, causing moderate to severe damage throughout southwestern Honshu, Shikoku and southeastern Kyūshū.[13]
December 23, 1854 8.4 ML 1854 Ansei-Tōkai earthquake 安政東海地震 Ansei Tōkai Jishin Suruga Bay 2,000 (estimated)[14] The epicenter ranged from Suruga Bay to the deep ocean, and struck primarily in the Tōkai region, but destroyed houses as far away as in Edo. The accompanying tsunami caused damage along the entire coast from the Bōsō Peninsula in modern-day Chiba prefecture to Tosa province (modern-day Kōchi prefecture).[15]
December 24, 1854 8.4 ML 1854 Ansei-Nankai earthquake 安政南海地震 Ansei Nankai Jishin Nankai Trough 10,000+ Over 10,000 people from the Tōkai region down to Kyushu were killed.[15]
November 11, 1855 6.9 ML 1855 Ansei Edo earthquake 安政江戸地震 Ansei Edo Jishin Edo, near the mouth of the Arakawa River 6,641 One hundred and twenty earthquakes and tremors in total were felt in Edo in 1854–55. The great earthquake struck after 10 o'clock in the evening; roughly 30 aftershocks continued until dawn. Records from the time indicate 6,641 deaths inside the city, and 2,759 injuries; much of the city was destroyed by fire, leading many people to stay in rural inns. Aftershocks continued for twenty days[15].
April 9, 1858 7.0-7.1 Hietsu Earthquake 飛越地震 Hietsu Jishin Atotsugawa Fault 200–300 It occurred on the Atotsugawa Fault, which connects Mount Tate in Toyama Prefecture and the Amō Pass in Gifu Prefecture on the island of Honshū in Japan. Its name includes one kanji from Hida (飛騨国?) and one from Etchū (越中国?), the names of the provinces that were in use at the time. The earthquake is estimated to have killed 200–300 people. It also caused the Mount Tonbi Landslide and blocked the upper reaches of the Jōganji River.[16]
October 28, 1891 8.0 ML Mino-Owari Earthquake 美濃尾張地震 Mino Owari Jishin Neodani Faultline 7,273 A large earthquake that struck the former provinces of Mino and Owari in the Nōbi Plain area during the Meiji period in Japan. It is also referred to as the Nōbi Earthquake (濃尾地震 Nōbi Jishin) or the Great Nōbi Earthquake (濃尾大地震 Nōbi Daijishin).
June 20, 1894 6.6 ML Meiji Tokyo Earthquake 明治東京地震 Meiji-Tokyo Jishin Tokyo Bay 31 This earthquake occurred in Tokyo, Japan at 14:04 on June 20, 1894. It affected downtown Tokyo and neighboring Kanagawa prefecture, especially the cities of Kawasaki and Yokohama.[17] The depth of the 1894 earthquake has not been determined, but it is thought to have occurred within the subducting Pacific Plate under the Kantō region.[18] The death toll was 31 killed and 157 injured.
June 15, 1896 8.5 ML 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake 明治三陸地震 Meiji-Sanriku Jishin 27,000+ This quake occurred off the coast of Sanriku in Iwate Prefecture, causing a tsunami of 25 metres (82 ft) 35 minutes after the quake which destroyed hundreds of houses and killed over 27,000 people. Tsunami were also observed in Hawaii and in California.[19][20]
September 1, 1923 8.3 ML 1923 Great Kantō earthquake 関東大震災 Kantō Daishinsai Izu Ōshima 100,000 to 142,000 An earthquake which struck the Kantō plain on the Japanese main island of Honshū at 11:58 on the morning of September 1, 1923. Varied accounts hold that the duration of the earthquake was between 4 and 10 minutes. The quake had an epicenter deep beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay. It devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region.[21] The power and intensity of the earthquake is easy to underestimate, but the 1923 earthquake managed to move the 93-ton Great Buddha statue at Kamakura. The statue slid forward almost two feet.[22] Casualty estimates range from about 100,000 to 142,000 deaths, the latter figure including approximately 40,000 who went missing and were presumed dead.
March 27, 1927 7.6 ML 1927 Kita Tango Earthquake 北丹後地震 Kita Tango Jishin Tango Peninsula in Kyoto Prefecture 3,020 Almost all houses in Mineyama (now part of Kyōtango) were destroyed, and the quake was felt as far away as Tokyo and Kagoshima.[23]
March 2, 1933 8.4 Mw 1933 Sanriku earthquake 昭和三陸地震 Shōwa Sanriku Jishin 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the city of Kamaishi, Iwate 3,000+


Kamaishi Bay, Iwate after 1933 earthquake and tsunami
A major earthquake whose associated tsunami caused widespread damage to towns on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan in 1933.[24]
September 10, 1943 7.2 ML 1943 Tottori earthquake 鳥取地震 Tottori Jishin offshore from Ketaka District 1,083 An earthquake which occurred in Tottori prefecture, Japan at 17:36 on September 10, 1943. Although the earthquake occurred during World War II, information about the disaster was surprisingly uncensored, and relief volunteers and supplies came from many parts of the Japanese empire, including Manchukuo. The Tottori earthquake had its epicenter offshore from Ketaka District, now part of Tottori city with a magnitude of 7.2 on the Richter Scale. The magnitude of the earthquake was 6.0 in Tottori city, and 5.0 as far away as Okayama on the Inland Sea.[25]
January 13, 1945 6.8 1945 Mikawa earthquake 三河地震 Mikawa Jishin Mikawa Bay 1180 + 1126 missing An earthquake which occurred off Mie and Aichi prefectures, Japan at 03:38 on January 13, 1945. As the earthquake occurred during World War II, information about the disaster was censored, and efforts at keeping the disaster secret hampered relief efforts and contributed to a high death toll.[26] The Mikawa earthquake had its epicenter offshore in Mikawa Bay (34°42.1′N 137°6.8′E at a depth of eleven kilometers). The city of Tsu recorded a magnitude of 6 on the Richter Scale; however areas in southern Aichi prefecture were closer to the epicenter, and suffered significant damage.
December 20, 1946 8.1 Mw 1946 Nankaidō earthquake 南海地震 Nankai Jishin Nankai Trough 1,362 A major earthquake in Nankaidō, Japan. It occurred on December 20, 1946 at 19:19 UTC. The earthquake was felt from Northern Honshū to Kyūshū.[27]
June 28, 1948 7.1 Mw 1948 Fukui earthquake 福井地震 Fukui Jishin near Maruoka, Fukui 3,769 A major earthquake in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. It struck at 5:13 p.m. on June 28, 1948 (the then Japan Daylight Saving Time; JDT). The strongest shaking occurred in the city of Fukui, where it was recorded as 6 (equivalent to the current 7) on the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale. The coordinates of the earthquake were 36゜10.3'N　136゜17.4'E (around the town of Maruoka).[28]
June 16, 1964 7.6 Mw 1964 Niigata earthquake 50 km north of Niigata 26 The earthquake caused widespread soil liquefaction in the city of Niigata resulting in high levels of damage to buildings for the felt intensity.[29]
April 1, 1968 7.5 Mw 1968 Hyūga-nada earthquake 1968年日向灘地震 Sen-kyūhyaku-rokujūhachi-nen Hyūga-nada Jishin Hyūga-nada Sea [30]
May 16, 1968 8.2 Mw 1968 Aomori earthquake 1968年十勝沖地震 Sen-kyūhyaku-rokujūhachi-nen Tokachi-oki Jishin Offshore of Misawa, Japan 52 This earthquake struck off the coast of Honshu Island, near Misawa Japan, Aomori Prefecture and was followed by a significant tsunami. The earthquake and ensuing tsunami claimed 52 lives and resulted in significant material damage in Northern Japan.[31][32]
June 12, 1978 7.7 Ms 1978 Miyagi earthquake 宮城県沖地震 Miyagi-ken-oki jishin just offshore Miyagi Prefecture 28 Damage was greatest around Sendai and the earthquake triggered widespread landslides.[33][34]
January 17, 1995 6.8 Mw Great Hanshin Earthquake 阪神・淡路大震災 Hanshin-Awaji Daishinsai northern end of Awaji Island 6,434


Damage in Kobe
An earthquake in Japan that occurred on Tuesday January 17, 1995 at 05:46 JST in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture. It measured Mw 6.8 on the Moment magnitude scale (USGS),[35] and Mj7.3 on the revised (7.2 on the old) JMA magnitude scale.[36] The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The hypocenter of the earthquake was located 16 km (9.9 mi) beneath its epicenter,[36] on the northern end of Awaji Island, 20 km (12 mi) away from the city of Kobe.
May 4, 1998 7.5 Mw 1998 Ryukyu Islands earthquake 石垣島南方沖地震 Ishigakijima nanpō-oki jishin 22.30°N 125.30°E 0 The epicentre was in the Philippine Sea and far off the coast (260km from Ishigaki Island, Japan, 400 km from Basco, Philippines, and 425 km from Hualian, Taiwan).[37]
October 23, 2004 6.9 Mw 2004 Chūetsu earthquake 中越地震 Chūetsu Jishin Ojiya, Niigata 40 Occurred at 5:56 p.m. (local time) on Saturday, October 23, 2004. The initial earthquake caused noticeable shaking across almost half of Honshū, including parts of the Tohoku, Hokuriku, Chūbu, and Kantō regions.
March 20, 2005 7.0 Mw 2005 Fukuoka earthquake 福岡県西方沖地震 Fukuoka-ken Seihō Oki Jishin In the Genkai Sea about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northwest of Genkai Island at the mouth of Fukuoka Harbor 1 This earthquake struck Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan at 10:53:40 JST on March 20 (the week before Easter Sunday) and lasted for approximately 50 seconds. The quake occurred along a previously unknown fault in the Genkai Sea, North of Fukuoka city, and the residents of Genkai Island were forced to evacuate as houses collapsed and landslides occurred in places. Investigations subsequent to the earthquake determined that the new fault was most likely an extension of the known Kego faultline that runs through the center of the city.
August 16, 2005 7.2 Mw 2005 Miyagi earthquake 宮城県沖地震 Miyagi-ken Oki Jishin about 55 kilometres (34 mi) due east of the Oshika Peninsula in Miyagi Prefecture 0 A powerful earthquake that struck the east coast of the Japanese island of Honshū at 11:46 (02:46 UTC) on August 16, causing casualties, building collapses and power outages. The earthquake began on Tuesday, August 16, 2005, and affected Japan's northeastern coast. It triggered a tsunami warning, and buildings shook 200 miles away in the capital, Tokyo. It was initially estimated to have a rating of 6.8., and the U.S. Geological Survey later registered it as a 7.2.[38]
November 15, 2006 8.3 Mw 2006 Kuril Islands earthquake 2006年千島列島沖地震 Chishima Rettō Oki Jishin about 160 kilometres (99 mi) due east of the southern tip of Simushir in the Kuril Islands 0 The earthquake happened at 20:29 JST on November 15, 2006, causing a tsunami to hit the Japanese northern coast.
January 13, 2007 8.1 Mw 2007 Kuril Islands earthquake 2007年千島列島沖地震 46°28.8′N 154°04.48′E 0 The earthquake happened at 1:23 p.m. JST (04:23 UTC) and resulted in a tsunami warning but did not cause significant damage.[39] The epicentre was located 95 km to the south east of the 2006 Kuril Islands earthquake that struck a few weeks earlier.
March 25, 2007 6.9 Mw Noto Peninsula Earthquake 能登半島地震 Noto Hantō Jishin about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) due west of the southern end of the town of Wajima 1 At 9:42 a.m., a magnitude 6.9 earthquake, struck the Hokuriku region of Japan, near the Noto Peninsula. The earthquake shook the city of Nanao and the town of Anamizu with a seismic intensity of 6+ on Japan's shindo scale. One death, in the city of Wajima, and at least 214 injuries have been reported. A tsunami advisory was immediately made for the Kaga coast and Noto coast, and a 10–20 cm wave hit shore about 30 minutes later.[40]
July 16, 2007 6.6 Mw Chūetsu Offshore Earthquake 新潟県中越沖地震 Niigata-ken Chūetsu Oki Jishin about 29 kilometres (18 mi) west of Niigata 11 The earthquake[41]) was a powerful magnitude 6.6 earthquake[42][43] that occurred 10:13 a.m. local time (01:13 UTC) on July 16, 2007, in the northwest Niigata region of Japan. The earthquake shook Niigata and neighbouring prefectures. The city of Kashiwazaki and the villages of Iizuna and Kariwa registered the highest seismic intensity of a strength 6 on Japan's shindo scale, but the quake was felt as far away as Tokyo[42]. Eleven deaths and at least 1,000 injuries have been reported, and 342 buildings were completely destroyed, mostly older wooden structures.[42][44][45]
June 14, 2008 6.9 Mw 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake 岩手・宮城内陸地震 Iwate Miyagi Nairiku Jishin about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) east of Narusawa Onsen in northwest Iwate Prefecture 12 This earthquake struck mid Tōhoku region, northeastern Honshū, Japan.[46]
August 9, 2009 6.9-7.1 Mw 2009 Izu Islands earthquake 33.144°N, 138.040°E, depth 303.1 km 0 [47][48]
August 11, 2009 6.5-6.6 Mw Tokai Area Earthquake 33.8°N, 138.50°E, depth 20.0 km 1 [49]
February 26, 2010 7.0 Mw Ryūkyū Islands earthquake 25.902°N, 128.417°E, depth 22.0 km 1 [50]
December 21, 2010 7.4 Mw Bonin Islands earthquake 26.866°N, 143.739°E, depth 14.9 km 0 [51]
March 9, 2011 7.2 Mw 2011 Tōhoku earthquake foreshock 東日本大震災 Higashi Nihon Dai-Shinsai 38.424°N, 142.836°E, depth 32 km ? [52]
March 11, 2011
05:46:23 UTC
(14:46 JST) 9.0 Mw 2011 Tōhoku earthquake 東日本大震災 Higashi Nihon Dai-Shinsai 38.510°N, 142.792°E, depth 24.4 km 14,416 deaths,[53][54] confirmed.
This megathrust earthquake's hypocenter was reported to be off the Oshika Peninsula, the east coast of Tōhoku[55] It was the strongest to hit Japan and one of the top five largest earthquakes in the world since seismological record-keeping began.[56][57][58] It was followed by a tsunami with waves of up to 10 meters (33 ft).[56] The disaster left thousands dead and inflicted extensive material damage to buildings and infrastructure that led to significant accidents at four major nuclear power stations. 11,889 people missing[53][54]
March 11, 2011
06:25:50 UTC 7.1 Mw 2011 Tōhoku earthquake aftershock 東日本大震災 Higashi Nihon Dai-Shinsai 38.106°N, 144.553°E, depth 19.7 km [59]
April 7, 2011
11:30:00pm JST 7.1 Mw 2011 Miyagi earthquake aftershock 38.253°N, 141.640°E, depth 49 km 4 [60]
[edit]See also

 External images
Statistical map of location, size and depth of earthquakes near Japan
Zoomable map of recent earthquake activity
Seismicity in Japan
Tokai earthquakes
Tonankai earthquakes
Seismicity of the Sanriku coast
Nankai megathrust earthquakes
Geology of Japan
List of volcanoes in Japan
Nuclear power in Japan#Seismicity
Japan Meteorological Agency
Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale
Coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction
[edit]References

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^ {cite web|url= http://www.theworldreporter.com/2011/03/89-earthquake-in-japan-tsunami-warning.html%7Ctitle = 8.9 Earthquake in Japan, Tsunami Warning to Russia, Taiwan and South East Asia|accessdate=11 March 2011|date=11 March 2011}}
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Categories: Earthquakes in Japan | Lists of earthquakes by country | Japan-related lists

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